A rose progeny to study this trait has been produced by David Byrne and it is currently being used to develop a genetic map at Clemson University - a Genomics Institute in South Carolina. I couldn't access any info and there may be none published for the public domain.

Found out some stuff though. They have done some trialling and come up with this list -

Black Spot – resistant:
Hybrid tea: ‘Pride N Joy’
Floribunda: ‘Sexy Rexy’
Grandiflora: ‘Prima Donna’
Black Spot and Powdery Mildew-moderately resistant:
Hybrid tea: ‘Duet,’ ‘Eiffel Tower,’ ‘Grand Slam,’ ‘Jamaica,’ ‘Matterhorn’
Floribunda: ‘Golden Slipper,’ ‘Saratoga’
Grandiflora: ‘Camelot,’ ‘John S. Armstrong,’ ‘Pink Parfait,’ ‘Queen Elizabeth’
Shrub roses: ‘All That Jazz,’ ‘Carefree Wonder’
Black Spot, Powdery Mildew and Cercospora Leaf Spot –resistant:
Rugosa roses: ‘Blanc Double de Coubert,’ ‘Fru Dagmar Hastrup’ (‘Frau Dagmar Hartopp’) ‘Rugosa Alba,’ ‘Topaz Jewel’
Alba rose: ‘Alba Semi-Plena’

This came from Ohio University - under ideal conditions of leaf wetness, humidity and temperature the spores can germinate and infect in 1 day, cause symptoms in 4 to 5 days, and produce new spores that can infect additional leaf, flower and cane tissue within 10 to 11 days. Spores are easily spread to new locations by air currents.

This from the University of Maine - the spores must be wet for at least 7 hours before they can germinate
disease develops most rapidly at about 75F.

The site below has a detailed list of blackspot resistant roses and includes those that are highly susceptible.

You may already know all this but I didn't - thanks for posting an interesting question.

A site that may be of interest - http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0505/

Anyone who has ever grown a rose knows that blackspot adapts to the chemicals that we use and has a way of getting our favorite rose no matter what we do to try to stop it. Blackspot is not as mysterious as it seems. Through research, it has been found that different races of the disease are found in different geographic locations, and a plant that is resistant to blackspot in one area may be very susceptible to the race of D. rosea found in another area. Commerce is also partly responsible for the transport of disease from one part of the country to another. Hence, your perfect rose may have picked up a new strain of blackspot from a new rose.
And you may be interested in this -

Over two years of field testing at two sites in Texas: College Station (David Byrne) and Overton (Dr. H. Brent Pemberton) of Floribundas, Grandifloras, Hybrid Teas, Shrubs, Rugosa Hybrids, Species/hybrids, and Basye roses showed a wide difference in the reaction to black spot which ranges from death of the plant within two years (‘Peace’) to no spots at all (Rosa roxburghii)

I am way out of my depth here - haven't a scientific bone in my body - find the parts I can understand interesting that's all. For all I know this is common knowledge to most of you - would be to people like Lozza I know.

A site that might be of interest -
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/rose/mapping.htm